i
ChatGPT Email Summaries
|
(If you have problems, suggestion, etc. please contact info@noac.info)
|
|
|
|
Instructions/About |
Emails from four Google Groups (carbondioxideremoval,healthy-planet-action-coalition, and noac-meetings, and planetary-restoration) are summarized by ChatGPT
and attachments are made available for downloading and/or viewing. The earliest emails are from January 2022, but not all emails since then are included.
-
Emails are added daily about 5:00 AM Eastern time.
-
Emails with the same subject are grouped to together for Chat GPT to summarize
-
Emails with less than 500 characters are not summarized by Chat GPT
-
Chat GPT has a limit of about 30,000 characters, so emails with more than around 25,000 characters will divided into two more "summaries".
-
Click on a "Subject" to see the original emails with the subject (shown in date order)
-
"Hover" over a "Subject" to display the first 1,000 characters of the Chat GPT summary
-
Click the "Down Arrow" to display the entire Chat GPT summary. If the "Show Email" checkbox is checked both the Chat GPT summary and the original email will be displayed.
If the "Show Attachments" checkbox is checked links to the attached documents and "thumbnails" of attached images will be also be displayed.
(Note that separate menu options are provided to list links to the attached documents and to view the attached images.)
-
Please email info@overshot.org if you have any suggestions on improving this site.
|
|
|
|
|
Advanced Search
|
Basic Search
|
|
|
|
| Subject (Click to display the original email in another tab.) | Group | #Emails | From Date | To Date |
|---|
|
|
|
1 email(s) from 9/3/2024 to 9/3/2024
Not related to carbon dioxide, but to GGR (Andrew Lockley suggested I send this here - hope it fits). https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/science/articles/10.3389/fsci.2024.1349770/full Brian - --
| 'Methane [control] - a cost-effective way to slow global warming'Sep 3 2024 5:31PM - Brian Cady
Not related to carbon dioxide, but to GGR (Andrew Lockley suggested I send this here - hope it fits).
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/science/articles/10.3389/fsci.2024.1349770/full
Brian
-
--
|
|
|
|
|
| Carbon dioxide capture using Escherichia coli expressing carbonic anhydrase in a foam bioreactor - PubMedAug 31 2024 7:39PM - Michael Hayes
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27109547/
"The present study reports CO2 capture and conversion to bicarbonate using Escherichia coli expressing carbonic anhydrase (CA) on its cell surface in a novel foam bioreactor. The very large gas-liquid interfacial area in the foam bioreactor promoted rapid CO2 absorption while the CO2 in the aqueous phase was subsequently converted to bicarbonate ions by the CA. CO2 gas removal in air was investigated at various conditions such as gas velocity, cell density and CO2 inlet concentration. Regimes for kinetic and mass transfer limitations were defined. Very high removal rates of CO2 were observed: 9570 g CO2 m(-3) bioreactor h(-1) and a CO2 removal efficiency of 93% at 4% inlet CO2 when the gas retention time was 24 s, and cell concentration was 4 gdw L(-1). These performances are superior to earlier reports of experimental bioreactors using CA for CO2 capture. Overall, this bioreactor system has significant potential as an alternative CO2 capture technology."
--
Sep 1 2024 5:52AM - Tom Goreau
No surprise, carbonic anhydrase has been evolutionarily selected and improved for kinetically limited CO2 hydrolysis since the Archaean.
Sep 2 2024 10:42PM - Eelco Rohling
I doubt that biomass from E. Coli would ever be allowed in the human foodchain by authorities. Not a popular microbe, I think.
Sent from my iPhone
Sep 3 2024 1:59AM - Michael Hayes
'Good' bacteria out competing 'bad' bacterial is largely how most the rest of life on this planet manages to exist:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6262807/
Beliw is one of a thousand possible examples:
Seagrass pastures are vanishing due to warmer water promoting 'bad' bacterial growth via an excess of sugar production by the plant growing in warmer water.
I'm not rejecting the bacterial mCDR path out of hand.
Sep 3 2024 2:22AM - Michael Hayes
Tom, et al.,
The spent biomass could feed bivalves. That would reduce the MRV value, yet it would also feed lots of people.
Best
Sep 3 2024 2:25AM - Michael Hayes
Apologies for not being clear on the seagrass example.
Using the non-pathogenic bacteria that the seagrass naturally produces to out compete the pathogens, in a shallow water CDR foam bioreactor array, would provide the seagrass pasture added survivability against warming waters by increasing the 'good' strain load in the water while possibly providing C smart protein via contained bi-valve farming.
Sep 3 2024 5:40AM - Bojana Bajzelj
Interesting find! Has anyone seen any further research or developments on this? The paper is from 2015...
Sep 3 2024 6:09AM - Tom Goreau
While a few strains of E. coli are very toxic, most are benign, and because it is easily grown and its biochemistry and genetics are well studied, it is widely used for industrial genetic engineering of biochemicals, making it perhaps the most popular of all microbes!
Sep 3 2024 6:44AM - Eelco Rohling
Learned something new today - thanks, Tom!
===
Prof. Eelco J. Rohling
(Ocean & Climate Change)
- 2012 Australian Laureate Fellow
- editor, Reviews of Geophysics
Research School of Earth Sciences
The Australian National University
Canberra, ACT 2601
Australia
Mobile: (+61) 434 667441
Tel. Office: (+61) 2 612 53857
e-mail:eelco.rohling@anu.edu.au
personal WebURL: http://www.highstand.org/erohling/ejrhome.htm
secondary email: eelco_rohling@me.com
Sep 3 2024 9:11AM - Michael Hayes
Although E coli is a good example, I was impressed with the speed of CO2 conversion, E coli is likely not the only bacterium that foam bioreactors can use for CDR.
Below is a paper on the bacterial symbiot associated with seagrass. If that strain can be used for direct CDR, local seagrass would likely benefit from any spillage from the foam reactors and oyster farm into the environment:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04063-4
Sep 3 2024 9:21AM - Tom Goreau
The Biorock process grows seagrass leaves and roots at exceptional rates, even on barren rock without sediment. In doing so it generates hydrogen, an essential substrate for Nitrogen fixers, thereby accelerating a nitrogen based food chain.
Sep 3 2024 9:54AM - Brian Cady
E. coli are normal residents in human intestines, helping us digest food and get nutrients. E. coli are well-studied, as Tom Goeau said, but I wonder if working with a non-human-gut-resident model organism for gain-of-function work might be wiser, since accidental release could infect humanity and most mammals, I believe. Nonetheless, interesting work.
Brian
-
Sep 3 2024 10:06AM - Tom Goreau
Escherichia coli is THE favored experimental bacterium because it is so well known (though it still can be unpredictable), but carbonic anhydrase is used by ALL forms of life to transport and use CO2 so there’s no need to use E coli unless it’s the best bacterium for the purpose. Or if you want an internal reactor!
Sep 3 2024 10:17AM - Brian Cady
Tom Goreau and all,
Could seawater be a substrate in a transparent, sunlit foam bioreactor, with air as CO2 source, and could a cultured photosynthetic marine organism be both foam-producing agent and carbon anhydrase source?
Could edible, marketable Spirolina sp. be the organism in a sunlit, transparent foam bioreactor fed alkaline nutrients like chicken manure?
Brian
-
Sep 3 2024 10:20AM - Tom Goreau
These concepts (and many more) can be practically tested and improved if there was any funding at all for fundamental science based on empirical exploration, but no hypothesis-driven funding agency will touch such ideas!
Sep 3 2024 10:42AM - Michael Hayes
The symbiotic strain for seaweed has a large list of possible downstream uses.
https://www.news-medical.net/news/20231101/Seaweed-symbionts-reveal-treasure-trove-of-potential-drug-compounds.aspx
Sep 3 2024 1:45PM - Michael Hayes
Apologies, it is a symbiot to seagrass, not seaweed.
Growing seagrass in photobioreactors can be a first stage of a multistage/multifuntion reactor system.
|
|
|
|
|
| Dynamics of bio-based carbon dioxide removal in GermanySep 3 2024 7:16PM - Geoengineering News
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-71017-x
Authors
Ronja Wollnik, Malgorzata Borchers, Ruben Seibert, Susanne Abel, Pierre Herrmann, Peter Elsasser, Jakob Hildebrandt, Kathleen Meisel, Pia Hofmann, Kai Radtke, Marco Selig, Stanislav Kazmin, Nora Szarka & Daniela Thrän
02 September 2024
Abstract
Bio-based carbon dioxide removal encompasses a range of (1) natural sink enhancement concepts in agriculture and on organic soils including peatlands, and in forestry, (2) bio-based building materials, and (3) bioenergy production with CO2 capture and storage (BECCS). A common database on these concepts is crucial for their consideration in strategies and implementation. In this study, we analyse standardised factsheets on these concepts. We find different dynamics of deployment until 2045: for CO2 removal rates from the atmosphere, natural sink enhancement concepts are characterised by gradually increasing rates, followed by a saturation and potentially a decrease after few decades; forest-related measures ramp up slowly and for construction projects and bioenergy plants, annually constant removal rates are assumed during operation which drop to zero afterwards. The expenses for removing 1 t CO2 from the atmosphere were found to be between 8 and 520 € t CO2-1, which arises from high divergence both in capital and operational expenditures among the concepts. This high variability of expenses seems to suggest the more cost-effective concepts should be implemented first. However, aspects from economics, resource base and environmental impacts to social and political implications for Germany need to be considered for developing implementation strategies. All concepts investigated could be deployed on scales to significantly contribute to the German climate neutrality target.
Source: Scientific Report
--
|
|
|
|
|
| Growing solid carbon-negative subsurface marine foundations with electrolysisSep 3 2024 4:45PM - Tom Goreau
https://www.globalcoral.org/growing-solid-subsurface-marine-foundations-with-biorock-technology/
Growing solid subsurface marine foundations with Biorock Technology
Biorock sea water electrolysis technology has been growing solid foundations below the sediment and reversing coastal erosion for decades (T. J. Goreau, 2012, Marine electrolysis for building materials and environmental restoration, p. 273-290 in Electrolysis, J. Kleperis & V. Linkov (Eds.), InTech Publishing, Rijeka, Croatia).
In Jamaica we made bricks by cementing sand together with calcium and magnesium minerals spontaneously precipitated from sea water in the late 1980s. In New York City we have been growing solid cemented sand foundations underneath structures sitting on the sea floor since 2007. Biorock technology is mature, has been used in around 50 countries around the globe, and is ready for large scale applications in marine construction and erosion prevention worldwide. Such technology could be used to stabilize Venice against sinking (T. J. Goreau, 2010, Reef technology to rescue Venice, Nature, 468:377).
For more on marine construction applications please see: R. Shaw & T. J. Goreau, 2016, Smart Port Breakwater Design and Construction, PORTS 2016, p. 863-872, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)/ Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute (COPRI), New Orleans.
Biorock sea water electrolysis technology has recently been rediscovered by researchers who have confirmed all our claims (Landivar Macias, A., Jacobsen, S.D. & Rotta Loria, A.F. Electrodeposition of calcareous cement from seawater in marine silica sands. Commun Earth Environ 5, 442 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01604-3).
While the authors acknowledge the prior work, the press releases all fail to mention it, and make it appear to be a new discovery.
For more information on Biorock Technology’s many applications to marine engineering, please contact Dr. Tom Goreau or Thomas Sarkisian of the Global Coral Reef Alliance (info@globalcoral.org),which invented and developed Biorock Sea Water Electrolysis Technology, or Blue Regeneration SL, designers and builders of smart, state of the art, Biorock control systems for large marine construction projects, climate change adaptation, beach regeneration, large scale marine ecosystem regeneration, and sustainable mariculture projects (https://blueregeneration.com).
Biorock brick of sand cemented by calcium and magnesium minerals made in Jamaica more than 30 years ago (photo by T. J. F. Goreau)
NB: Biorock material is a net CO2 sink
--
Sep 3 2024 5:09PM - Michael Hayes
This was published a few days ago:
https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2024/august/fighting-coastal-erosion-with-electricity/
|
|
|
|
|
| Mechanisms and advancements in microwave-enhanced CO2 mineralization of lightweight porous concreteSep 3 2024 6:30AM - Geoengineering News
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352710224021922
Authors
Lei Yang, Zhuo Liu, Shuqiong Luo, Songhui Liu, Xuemao Guan, Tangwei Mi
31 August 2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.110624
Highlights:
•Microwave pretreatment enhances RSFAC strength.
•Optimal moisture content: 30% boosts performance.
•Mineralization yields aragonite and calcite, densifying RSFAC's structure.
•Fe2O3 in steel slag aids water loss, enhancing CO2 diffusion and strength.
Abstract
Lightweight porous concrete (LPC) typically exhibits low early strength, which can be addressed by enhancing early strength through carbon dioxide (CO2) mineralization curing while achieving permanent CO2 sequestration. The efficacy of this process relies on maintaining optimal moisture levels. This study investigates the influence of moisture content on the performance of solid waste-based lightweight porous concrete blocks (RSFAC) subjected to microwave heating pretreatment. Moisture levels were adjusted to 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% (initial water-to-cement ratio of 45.4%) before undergoing mineralization curing within an environment set at a temperature of 20 °C, relative humidity 75%, and a CO2 concentration of 40% for a duration of 0.5 h. The impact of moisture content on RSFAC's compressive strength, carbon sequestration rate, mineralization products, and microstructure was evaluated. Results indicate that compared to conventional oven pretreatment methods requiring nearly 10 h, microwave pretreatment technology achieves equivalent water content within just 50 min, significantly reducing the time needed for mineralization pretreatment. RSFAC, when pretreated with microwave heating, outperforms untreated samples (Ref-0 and Ref-1) in terms of compressive strength and carbon sequestration efficiency. Optimal performance was observed at a moisture content level of 30%, with the highest recorded compressive strength achieved at 1, 3, and 7 d respectively. At the curing age of 7 d, the compressive strength reached up to 2.32 MPa while the carbon sequestration rate reached approximately 11.61%. Furthermore, aragonite and calcite (tetrahedral and hexahedral), without poorly crystalline spherulites, were identified as the main crystalline CaCO3 generated by RSFAC under this specific moisture content condition; pores larger than 50 nm served as primary reaction sites for RSFAC mineralization curing, whereas there was a significant increase in pore proportion with sizes less than 20 nm after filling with mineralization products.
Source: ScienceDirect
--
|
|
|
|
|
| | Report on carbon cycle interactions and efficacy of land-based CDRs (e.g. BECCS), when combined with oceanic CDRs (individually or in a portfolio)Sep 2 2024 10:07PM - Michael Hayes
Abstract:
In this deliverable 4.8, we analyze the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM) simulations from Deliverable 4.6 and 4.7 on land-based and ocean-based Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR)
scenarios. We focus the analysis on BioEnergy coupled to CCS (BECCS) using sugarcane as feedstock, and ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE), applied individually and in combinations. We find that a higher amount of carbon captured by making use of the carbon sequestration
potential of land and ocean together, as expected. The sugarcane yield is unaffected by the OAE deployment, however, carbon uptake by other parts of the land is somewhat reduced by OAE in the combined BECCS and OAE case. Less carbon is taken up by the oceans during BECCS deployment, whilst less carbon is taken up by land during the OAE deployment. The uptake
of carbon by the oceans in the combined BECCS and OAE case is directly additive from the individual cases. However, some non-linear responses are seen in other parts of the climate responses."
--
Sep 3 2024 1:44AM - Michael Hayes
Marine BECCS is likely a reasonable option to explore as all aspects of terrestrial BECCS can be provided for in the marine space.
Establishing 'mBECCS' as a subclass of mCDR, as well as a subclass under typical terrestrial BECCS, can be justified at the marine engineering level. In that, the needed tech basket can likely be scaled up to CDR scale using largely marine environmental assets and marine-grade engineering.
Biochar is the CDR technology that can link both land and sea BECCS missions. This technical link between marine and land biotic CDR has been reference to as 'Blue Biochar' in the past, yet 'mBECCS' works and has also been mentioned in the past within this forum.
Combining biotic driven mBECCS tech and abiotic mCDR tech, such as electrolysis and/or enhanced mineral weathering, can use much of the same marine-grade infrastructure technology.
|
|
|
|
|
1 email(s) from 9/1/2024 to 9/1/2024
Today from 2-4 PM EDT I’ll be talking on “Spanning the Chasm” on WGDR in Vermont, about extinction of coral reefs, Amazonian rain forests, and Arctic tundra, and the urgent need for immediate action to minimize or prevent climate overshoot: https://www.centralvermontcommunityradio.org/ https://www.centralvermontcommunityradio.org/ --
| Reversing climate insanitySep 1 2024 9:32AM - Tom Goreau
Today from 2-4 PM EDT I’ll be talking on “Spanning the Chasm” on WGDR in Vermont, about extinction of coral reefs, Amazonian rain forests, and Arctic tundra, and the urgent need for immediate action to minimize or prevent climate overshoot:
https://www.centralvermontcommunityradio.org/
https://www.centralvermontcommunityradio.org/
--
Sep 2 2024 6:34AM - David Ellison
Hi Tom,
Wanted to listen to this yesterday, but didn't quite manage... Will a recording be available...? I imagine others at HPAC would also be interested...
Kind regards,
David
Sep 2 2024 10:05AM - Tom Goreau
Thanks, will post a recording when available.
Sep 3 2024 7:22AM - Tom Goreau
If you use that link you can hear the talk. Go to the Archives where you can listen to the program for two weeks. You have to scroll down past Tuesday and Monday to get to Sunday and then keep going till you get to Sunday 2-4 pm. Not enough time to cover it all, but feedback welcome. Getting this material onto a one pager for people with no attention span loses all the essentials.
|
|
|
|
|
| The impact of co-adsorbed water on energy consumption and CO2 productivity in direct air capture systemsSep 3 2024 2:43PM - Geoengineering News
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138358662403154X
Authors
Yongqiang Wang, Gang Kevin Li
30 August 2024
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2024.129415
Highlights
•The impact of atmospheric moisture on adsorption-based DAC was analyzed.
•Co-adsorbed water enhanced CO2 desorption from solid amine sorbents.
•Desorbed water limited CO2 partial pressure during sorbent regeneration.
•Energy consumption and CO2 productivity were assessed at varying humidities.
•The optimal humidity for direct air capture operation was identified.
Abstract
Adsorption-based direct air capture (DAC) of CO2, using solid amine sorbents, is among the most promising negative emission technologies for achieving net-zero emissions. Given the high atmospheric water content, reaching up to 4%, solid amine sorbents also adsorb a substantial amount of water from the air. However, a comprehensive understanding of how the co-adsorption of water affects the energy consumption and CO2 productivity of a DAC process has not yet been obtained. Here, employing a polyethylenimine-impregnated sorbent, we investigated the impact of co-adsorbed water on a temperature vacuum swing adsorption process designed for DAC. Both experimental and simulated results indicated that co-adsorbed water could enhance the desorption of CO2 by limiting the CO2 partial pressure inside the column during sorbent regeneration. The promotion of co-adsorbed water on CO2 productivity was significant, especially at low desorption temperatures lacking sufficient desorption driving forces. Optimal relative humidities for achieving the lowest energy consumption at various desorption temperatures were also identified. This study provides valuable insights into how co-adsorbed water affects CO2 desorption from solid amines, which aids in designing CO2 sorbents and associated DAC processes with reduced energy consumption.
https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S138358662403154X-gr1.jpg
Fig. 1. Process schematic for the DAC cycle based on the TVSA process
Source: ScienceDirect
--
|
|
|
|
|
| The next NOAC meeting is: Monday 16th Sep (Aus: Tue 17th, 6am AEST)Sep 3 2024 4:45AM - Clive Elsworth
All
You are warmly invited to our fortnightly NOAC meetings.
NOAC = Nature-based Ocean and Atmospheric Cooling.
If you arrive at the start, you can suggest a topic for discussion. You could:
· ask a question,
highlight an article or video,
challenge an assumption,
express an opinion,
make an announcement,
suggest a plan,
present something,
etc.
New participants are asked to give a very brief introduction.
We speak for 90 mins.
The next NOAC meeting is: Monday 16th Sep (Aus: Tue 17th, 6am AEST)
• 1pm PDT (USA)
• 4pm EDT (USA)
• 9pm BST (UK)
• 10pm CEST (France, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Switzerland)
• 6am Tue AEST (Australia)
Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/87105924845?pwd=dk1xNG94VmZPTkFlTURNcXlhNXBGUT09
Last Meeting, Mon Sep 2nd:
Rebecca Bishop said this was “a high-quality presentation”.
Franz Oeste explained the importance of life for stabilising the climate. For example, vegetation feeds microbes that weather the soil to extract minerals. When the vegetation rots down the minerals it releases (potash) represent alkalinity that runs off into the ocean, drawing down CO2. (For example, microbes produce compounds such as enterobactin
which “is a high affinity siderophore that acquires iron for microbial systems.”) This is likely a main reason why atmospheric CO2 has declined from the order of around 2000 ppm since the Devonian period 400 million years ago when trees evolved. Tree root systems reach down much further in soils than grasslands for example, and tropical forests are likely the main contributor of ocean alkalinity, where tree growth is intensive.
Brian explained how the copious amounts of calcium carbonate in the deep ocean represent a huge ‘chemical buffer’ that neutralises the carbonic acid produced when organic carbon (e.g. seaweed) sinks to the seabed and is metabolised by benthic life there. Seaweed can sink between 800 – 4000m per day, which means little carbonic acid is released on the way down.
Franz also explained how 2 billion years ago the evolution of cyanobacteria to split water to extract hydrogen – and release oxygen into the air – led to a large decrease of atmospheric methane, which likely led to some of the ‘snowball Earth’ events.
Bru Pearce later explained that since the 1800s the mass of Earth’s mammalian wildlife is estimated to have decreased from around 95% of total biomass to only 4% today.
Agenda
Clive – Drinking water proposal – would it work? (I should have said Persian Gulf, not Red Sea.)
Alf – How are the projects going?
Bru Pearce: - Envisionation – Biosphere restoration plan, Digital Asset: EmpathyCoin
Brian: - Climate Foundation, KelpCoin
Sev: Marine Biomass Consortium - Buoyant Flakes concept – FePSi: Iron, Phosphate, Silicate
Clive: Benign shipping aerosol produced by low energy plasma arc furnace
Rebecca – Rebrighten – Renewable energy for marine vessels for rebrightening, Social Acceptance of small-scale field trials, Marine biogenic aerosols.
Jon C - The blunt analogies useful for stating how GHG reduction alone is no real therapy for overheating.
Recording: https://youtu.be/Gcz7rGKs_Hw?t=957
Feel free to share this link with trusted friends and colleagues, but please do not post on social media or websites.
Also, see Transcript file attached. (ums and uhs removed).
Chat
21:03:17 From Jonathan Cole : the blunt analogys useful for stating how GHG reduction alone is no real therapy for over heating
21:08:48 From Manna Jo Greene : I'll be right back
21:14:25 From Jonathan Cole : other topic: the fact that people use more when the machines get more efficient
21:16:10 From Jonathan Cole : This phenomenon is known as the rebound effect or Jevons paradox.
21:28:08 From Dr Brian von Herzen : https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater_greenhouse
21:35:44 From Jonathan Cole : Treating a Heart Attack with a Diet Plan: Relying solely on GHG reduction to cool the planet is like trying to treat a heart attack by starting a diet plan. While a healthier diet is beneficial in the long run, it does nothing to address the immediate crisis.
Using a Sponge to Stop a Flood: Reducing greenhouse gases is akin to using a sponge to stop a flood. The effort is commendable, but the scale and speed of the problem far outpace the solution's effectiveness.
Putting a Band-Aid on a Broken Bone: Addressing climate change by only cutting emissions is like putting a Band-Aid on a broken bone. It might cover the problem, but it doesn't heal the underlying issue quickly enough to prevent further damage.
Cooling a Boiling Pot with an Ice Cube: Attempting to cool the planet by reducing GHGs alone is like trying to cool a boiling pot of water with a single ice cube. The ice cube will eventually melt, but the pot will remain hot for a long time
21:36:42 From John Macdonald : There is a large olivine resource in New Guinea which could be mined to improve conditions of the GBR nearby.
21:40:59 From Jonathan Cole : Don Quixote Fighting Windmills: Attempting to resolve climate change solely through GHG reduction is akin to Don Quixote battling windmills, mistaking them for giants. The solution, though noble in intent, misinterprets the true nature of the challenge.
Nero Fiddling While Rome Burns: Focusing only on GHG reduction is like Nero allegedly playing the fiddle as Rome burned. The action taken is disconnected from addressing the immediate crisis and may distract from more urgent responses needed.
Using the Gordian Knot Approach: Trying to solve planetary overheating by reducing GHGs is like attempting to untangle the Gordian Knot by conventional means. Alexander the Great famously cut through the knot, suggesting that unconventional approaches may be required.
21:41:28 From Jonathan Cole : King Canute Commanding the Tide: Relying solely on GHG reduction mirrors King Canute's demonstration that he couldn't command the sea. It illustrates the futility of certain actions against the natural and complex forces at play.
The Emperor's New Clothes: Addressing only GHG emissions is reminiscent of the Emperor parading in invisible clothing. The focus on appearances rather than genuine solutions fails to address the real, underlying issues.
These analogies, drawn from historical and literary contexts, underscore the importance of aligning the type of solution with the nature of the problem, rather than just its scale.
21:49:16 From John Nissen : @Jonathan, these analogies are rather insulting to the advocates of emissions reduction. I suggest that we point out that there are two main sources of heating: (I) greenhouse gas and reduced thermal energy going into space; and (ii) retreat of snow and sea ice, reducing the albedo of the planet. The green movement has only addressed the former; the IPCC and climate community are focussed on the GHG side and ignored the albedo side. Our groups (NOAC, HPAC and PRAG) can point out that the albedo side needs to be addressed urgently, especially in the Arctic where tipping elements have already been activated.
21:49:49 From Jonathan Cole : "Ease Off the Gas: Cool the Planet with Clouds and Ice."
"Brake for the Future: Boost Clouds and Ice to Halt Climate Chaos."
"Slow Down and Cool Off: Press the Brake with Increased Cloud and Ice Cover."
"Shift Gears to Safety: Balance Emissions Reduction with Planetary Cooling."
21:56:25 From John Nissen : @Jonathan Cole, the Earth's energy imbalance has been investigated by the CERES satellite, with data on each side over the past 20 years. The thermal energy outgoing hasn't changed very much; but the outgoing shortwave radiation has reduced significantly, with a marked downturn in 2023.
22:03:54 From Rebecca Bishop - Gadigal lands : I’m happy to give an update on Rebrighten.org if there is time. ??
22:03:57 From Dr Brian von Herzen : https://www.climatefoundation.org/kelp-coin.html
22:04:05 From Dr Brian von Herzen : Reacted to I’m happy to give an... with "??"
22:05:39 From Jonathan Cole : Reacted to "I’m happy to give an..." with ??
22:12:18 From Jonathan Cole : Restoring the ocean to health.. BUOYANT FLAKES | by Sev clarke | Aug, 2024 | Medium
22:13:18 From Jonathan Cole : 5535Buoyant_flake_fertilization_rev.pdf (un.org)
22:14:18 From Sev Clarke : https://www.noac.info/ReferencesDetail.aspx
22:19:41 From Bru Pearce : Sorry I have to go and collect my wife - see you all next time.
22:22:06 From Jonathan Cole to Clive Elsworth(direct message) : can we get a update from Rebecca on Rebrighten?
22:26:03 From Jonathan Cole : Engaging the Audience's Imagination
Effective analogies often create vivid imagery that engages the audience's imagination. By painting a clear mental picture, analogies can make abstract ideas more tangible and compelling, which can be particularly persuasive in change communication.
22:29:39 From Jonathan Cole : disincentivize advise from doctor at hospital rather than rapid needed treatment.
22:30:44 From Jonathan Cole : sinking ship water into bottom, captain says can you help bail? no search for hole or action to mend hole.
22:31:26 From Jonathan Cole : tipping ship sinking point sign of a serious leak and little time
22:32:57 From Jonathan Cole : ghg reduction fine for thermal energy trying to leave but does nothing for helping short wave to exit via reflection, as it was before.
22:33:36 From Jonathan Cole : ir changes are measured as small, albedo changes measured as large and more significant
22:34:22 From Jonathan Cole : titanic, water from one area IR, vs water from another leak (short wave)
22:35:52 From John Macdonald : Actions speak louder than words
22:37:01 From Jonathan Cole : Analogies can help overcome resistance to new ideas by framing them in a context that is less threatening or more familiar. This can make the audience more open to considering the change, as the analogy provides a safe and relatable entry point into the discussion 3
22:39:39 From Jonathan Cole : Firefighting with Water, Not Just Prevention: Addressing climate change by only reducing emissions is like trying to prevent a forest fire by banning campfires while ignoring the blaze already raging. Direct cooling is akin to using water to douse the flames, providing immediate relief and preventing further destruction.
Cooling a Fever Before Treating the Cause: When a patient has a dangerously high fever, doctors first focus on bringing the temperature down before diagnosing the underlying illness. Similarly, direct cooling strategies, like increasing cloud cover and polar ice, are essential to stabilize the planet's climate before long-term solutions can take effect.
Stopping a Runaway Train: Imagine a train speeding towards a broken bridge. Reducing emissions is like slowing the train slightly, but direct cooling is the emergency brake that stops it in its tracks, preventing disaster. Immediate cooling measures are crucial to halt the moment of climate change.
Fireflies
During the recent Project Update and Strategy Discussion meeting, participants provided updates on various climate initiatives, focusing on a proposal for drinking water production and the development of solar-powered greenhouses aimed at enhancing water collection in the Middle East, which highlighted the role of plants in oxygen generation. The effectiveness of ocean fertilization methods was explored, along with the impact of macroalgae on carbon sequestration, featuring insights from Sev Clarke regarding the ocean's biological pump. The meeting also covered cryptocurrency initiatives, particularly the launch of the empathy coin to support biosphere restoration and the introduction of kelp coin. Additionally, updates on the Re-Brighton Project underscored the need for funding renewable energy solutions for marine vessels, marine cloud re-brightening, and fostering social acceptance for experimental trials. Key action items included launching a website for the empathy coin project and developing a memorandum of understanding for the Blue Cooling Initiative.
Contact Details and Past Meetings
Please update our NOAC spreadsheet with your details:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UpmRrXrMtOlXEpqEuFS8db_NpFhTpM2_/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=114954647783797253223&rtpof=true&sd=true
NOAC website: https://noac.info/Home.aspx
Previous meeting
Agenda
Agenda Greg Slater: MEER Sierra Leone
Robert Tulip: TED Parsons Paper on Non Use Agreement
Rebecca Bishop: Just Have A Think – Solar Technology for Desalination Plants
Alf Thome: Sev Clarke video on ice shields
Chris Vivian: Nature Report ICJ on Country Responsibilities for Climate Change
Chris Vivian: Paper on Earth System Tipping Points Research Agenda
Robert Tulip: Plans for COP 29
Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohf3igmYIRw&t=417s
Feel free to share this link with trusted friends and colleagues, but please do not post on social media or websites.
Also, see Transcript file attached. (ums and uhs removed).
Send us new people: Who else should be invited?
Unsubscribe: Let me know, and I’ll take you off the HPAC google group.
Clive Elsworth
--
|
|
|
|
|
1 email(s) from 9/3/2024 to 9/3/2024
Thank you Barbara! ---------- Forwarded message ---------
| Your September Briefing: It’s time to invest in #CleanAirNowSep 3 2024 7:45PM - Ron Baiman
Thank you Barbara!
---------- Forwarded message ---------
|
|
|
|
|
| Carbon emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfiresSep 2 2024 9:51AM - Geoengineering News
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07878-z
Authors
Brendan Byrne, Junjie Liu, Kevin W. Bowman, Madeleine Pascolini-Campbell, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sudhanshu Pandey, Kazuyuki Miyazaki, Guido R. van der Werf, Debra Wunch, Paul O. Wennberg, Coleen M. Roehl & Saptarshi Sinha
Citations: Byrne, B., Liu, J., Bowman, K.W. et al. Carbon emissions from the 2023 Canadian wildfires. Nature (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07878-z
28 August 2024
Abstract
The 2023 Canadian forest fires have been extreme in scale and intensity with more than seven times the average annual area burned compared to the previous four decades1. Here, we quantify the carbon emissions from these fires from May to September 2023 on the basis of inverse modelling of satellite carbon monoxide observations. We find that the magnitude of the carbon emissions is 647?TgC (570–727?TgC), comparable to the annual fossil fuel emissions of large nations, with only India, China and the USA releasing more carbon per year2. We find that widespread hot–dry weather was a principal driver of fire spread, with 2023 being the warmest and driest year since at least 19803. Although temperatures were extreme relative to the historical record, climate projections indicate that these temperatures are likely to be typical during the 2050s, even under a moderate climate mitigation scenario (shared socioeconomic pathway, SSP?2–4.5)4. Such conditions are likely to drive increased fire activity and suppress carbon uptake by Canadian forests, adding to concerns about the long-term durability of these forests as a carbon sink.
Canada’s NGHGI CO2 emissions and removals compared with the 2023 Canadian fires.
figure 4
Lines show the annual net emissions or removals from managed forest land (green), harvested wood products (brown), natural disturbances that are not counted towards Canada’s emissions (red) and the economy-wide net CO2 emissions (grey). The top-down estimates of the 2023 CO2?+?CO fires emissions over managed land are shown in black. Total CO2 emissions, harvested wood products and forest land emissions and removals were obtained from Table A11-1 of the NGHGI32
whereas natural disturbances were obtained from Table 6-5 of the NGHGI. All quantities presented are in units of teragrams of carbon (1?TgC?=?1?MtC?=?1,012?gC), which can be converted to units of megatonnes of CO2 (MtCO2) by multiplying by a factor of 3.664.
Source: Nature
--
|
|
|
|
|
1 email(s) from 9/2/2024 to 9/2/2024
Links to recent scientific papers, web posts, upcoming events, job opportunities, podcasts, and event recordings, etc. on Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology
| CARBON REMOVAL WEEKLY SUMMARY (26 AUGUST - 01 SEPTEMBER 2024)Sep 2 2024 7:17PM - Geoengineering News
Links to recent scientific papers, web posts, upcoming events, job opportunities, podcasts, and event recordings, etc. on Carbon Dioxide Removal Technology
|
|
|
|
|
3 email(s) from 9/2/2024 to 9/2/2024
I just thought of this tagline. An alternative is - If you believe in a cooler world, donate to HPAC. And another – Cooling is cool Regards Robert Tulip -- Lol! Love'm Robert!
Kewl ! I like them
| For a cooler world, give to HPACSep 2 2024 6:03AM - robert@rtulip.net
I just thought of this tagline.
An alternative is - If you believe in a cooler world, donate to HPAC.
And another – Cooling is cool
Regards
Robert Tulip
--
Sep 2 2024 1:02PM - Ron Baiman
Lol! Love'm Robert!
Sep 2 2024 10:43PM - Dana Woods
Kewl ! I like them
|
|
|
|
|
| High-Resolution Variability of the Ocean Carbon SinkSep 2 2024 5:06PM - Greg Rau
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024GB008127?af=R
“ Measurements of the surface ocean fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) provide an important constraint on the global ocean carbon sink, yet the gap-filling products developed so far to cope with the sparse observations are relatively coarse (1° × 1° by 1 month). Here, we overcome this limitation by using a novel combination of machine learning-based methods and target transformations to estimate surface ocean fCO2 and the associated sea-air CO2 fluxes (FCO2) globally at a resolution of 8-day by 0.25° × 0.25° (8D) over the period 1982 through 2022. Globally, the method reconstructs fCO2 with accuracy similar to that of low-resolution methods (~19 µatm), but improves it in the coastal ocean. Although global ocean CO2 uptake differs little, the 8D product captures 15% more variance in FCO2. Most of this increase comes from the better-represented subseasonal scale variability, which is largely driven by the better-resolved variability of the winds, but also contributed to by the better-resolved fCO2. The high-resolution fCO2 is also capable of capturing the signal of short-lived regional events such as hurricanes. For example, the 8D product reveals that fCO2 was at least 25 µatm lower in the wake of Hurricane Maria (2017), the result of a complex interplay between the decrease in temperature, the entrainment of carbon-rich waters, and an increase in primary production. By providing new insights into the role of higher frequency variations of the ocean carbon sink and the underlying processes, the 8D product fills an important gap.”
--
|
|
|
|
|
| Reminder: The next NOAC meeting is tomorrow: Monday 2nd Sep (Aus: Tue 3rd, 6am AEST)Sep 1 2024 6:39AM - Clive Elsworth
All
You are warmly invited to our fortnightly NOAC meetings.
NOAC = Nature-based Ocean and Atmospheric Cooling.
Robert has now sent me the last meeting recording, chat, and transcript – see below.
If you arrive at the start, you can suggest a topic for discussion. You could:
· ask a question,
highlight an article or video,
challenge an assumption,
express an opinion,
make an announcement,
suggest a plan,
present something,
etc.
New participants are asked to give a very brief introduction.
We speak for 90 mins.
The next NOAC meeting is: Monday 2nd Sep (Aus: Tue 3rd, 6am AEST)
• 1pm PDT (USA)
• 4pm EDT (USA)
• 9pm BST (UK)
• 10pm CEST (France, Germany, Italy, Denmark, Switzerland)
• 6am Tue AEST (Australia)
Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/87105924845?pwd=dk1xNG94VmZPTkFlTURNcXlhNXBGUT09
Last Meeting, Aug 19th:
Robert Tulip chaired the meeting in my absence.
Agenda
Agenda Greg Slater: MEER Sierra Leone
Robert Tulip: TED Parsons Paper on Non Use Agreement
Rebecca Bishop: Just Have A Think – Solar Technology for Desalination Plants
Alf Thome: Sev Clarke video on ice shields
Chris Vivian: Nature Report ICJ on Country Responsibilities for Climate Change
Chris Vivian: Paper on Earth System Tipping Points Research Agenda
Robert Tulip: Plans for COP 29
Recording: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ohf3igmYIRw&t=417s
Feel free to share this link with trusted friends and colleagues, but please do not post on social media or websites.
Also, see Transcript file attached. (ums and uhs removed).
Also, see our Aug 8th presentation to HPAC: Cooling the Climate with Natural Tropospheric Aerosol Processes: https://youtu.be/MMckGhIyifY
It introduces the chemistry of methane removal, and how brightened clouds provide that chemistry in addition to direct ocean cooling.
Chat
06:08:04 From Gregory Slater: Please put tipping point paper refs in chat?
06:08:53 From Robert Tulip to Jonathan Cole(Direct Message) : ok
06:15:58 From Dr Brian von Herzen : What about corrosion?
06:17:30 From Chris Vivian - GESAMP WG 41 : Tipping point paper - Governance for Earth system tipping points – A research agenda – open access - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589811624000168?dgcid=raven_sd_via_email
06:17:30 From Dr Brian von Herzen : Link to guardian article?
06:21:41 From Gregory Slater : Replying to "Link to guardian art..."
"‘Now you can have rest in your home’: the mirror roofs cooling homes in Freetown" - https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/aug/16/mirror-roofs-cooling-homes-freetown-sierra-leone-extreme-heat
06:30:16 From Jonathan Cole : NightHawkInLight | Creating Science & DIY Videos | Patreon
06:31:03 From Jonathan Cole : https://www.youtube.com/@Nighthawkinlight/featured
06:32:44 From Jonathan Cole : https://youtube.com/@nhilextra?si=zgHIEEqvhqK0A9VO
06:42:04 From Manna Jo Greene : Do I recall a connection between MEER and solar generation?
06:45:19 From Jonathan Cole : Replying to "Do I recall a connec..."
yes. Concentrated Solar Power uses fields of mirrors. which when not in poer generation mode can also point upward and send the heat off planet. economy of scale to make mirrors will benefit this excellent way to make electricity and hot water
06:46:01 From Jonathan Cole : Replying to "Do I recall a connec..."
Concentrated solar power - Wikipedia
06:47:13 From Robert Tulip : NOAC Agenda
Greg Slater: MEER Sierra Leone
Robert Tulip: TED Parsons Paper on Non Use Agreement
Rebecca Bishop: Just Have A Think – Solar Technology for Desalination Plants
Alf Thome: Sev Clarke video on ice shields
Chris Vivian: Nature Report ICJ on Country Responsibilities for Climate Change
Chris Vivian: Paper on Earth System Tipping Points Research Agenda
Robert Tulip: Plans for COP 29
06:49:28 From Jonathan Cole : low carbon travel though right?
06:50:23 From Manna Jo Greene : Reacted to yes. Concentrated... with "??"
06:59:33 From Chris Vivian - GESAMP WG 41 : Two recent open access papers in Nature about The International Court of Justice advising on countries' legal obligations to fight climate change, following a UN resolution:
‘See you in climate court’ – Editorial in Nature - https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02600-5.pdf
The world’s highest court must weigh in on climate - https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-02583-3.pdf
07:23:22 From Gregory Slater : If anyone has a link or info (peter wadhams) about the miraculous air conditioner invented by the English school kid, please share. thanks.
Contact Details and Past Meetings
Please update our NOAC spreadsheet with your details:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1UpmRrXrMtOlXEpqEuFS8db_NpFhTpM2_/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=114954647783797253223&rtpof=true&sd=true
NOAC website: https://noac.info/Home.aspx
Previous meeting
Agenda
Jon – Curious chart from Jessica Yuan from MEER.
Rebecca – 2-pager on TAI – Tropospheric Aerosol Injection. Needs to be made into a video. For COP?
Clive – Dry salt aerosol nanoparticle generator – MCB plus atmospheric methane removal.
Jon – Play Dan Kieve’s song: Fire from Ice
Recording: https://youtu.be/WBWKK7uxnX0?t=1263
Feel free to share this link with trusted friends and colleagues, but please do not post on social media or websites.
Also, see Transcript file attached. (ums and uhs removed).
Send us new people: Who else should be invited?
Unsubscribe: Let me know, and I’ll take you off the HPAC google group.
Clive Elsworth
--
Sep 2 2024 5:48PM - John Nissen
Here's the chat I got, between 9.14 and 10.40 pm, UK time.
Jonathan Cole 21:14
other topic: the fact that people use more when the machines get more efficient
This phenomenon is known as the rebound effect or Jevons paradox.
Messages addressed to "Meeting Group Chat" will also appear in the meeting group chat in Team Chat
Dr Brian von Herzen 21:28
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seawater_greenhouse
Jonathan Cole 21:35
Treating a Heart Attack with a Diet Plan: Relying solely on GHG reduction to cool the planet is like trying to treat a heart attack by starting a diet plan. While a healthier diet is beneficial in the long run, it does nothing to address the immediate crisis.
Using a Sponge to Stop a Flood: Reducing greenhouse gases is akin to using a sponge to stop a flood. The effort is commendable, but the scale and speed of the problem far outpace the solution's effectiveness.
Putting a Band-Aid on a Broken Bone: Addressing climate change by only cutting emissions is like putting a Band-Aid on a broken bone. It might cover the problem, but it doesn't heal the underlying issue quickly enough to prevent further damage.
Cooling a Boiling Pot with an Ice Cube: Attempting to cool the planet by reducing GHGs alone is like trying to cool a boiling pot of water with a single ice cube. The ice cube will eventually melt, but the pot will remain hot for a long time
John Macdonald 21:36
There is a large olivine resource in New Guinea which could be mined to improve conditions of the GBR nearby.
Jonathan Cole 21:41
Don Quixote Fighting Windmills: Attempting to resolve climate change solely through GHG reduction is akin to Don Quixote battling windmills, mistaking them for giants. The solution, though noble in intent, misinterprets the true nature of the challenge.
Nero Fiddling While Rome Burns: Focusing only on GHG reduction is like Nero allegedly playing the fiddle as Rome burned. The action taken is disconnected from addressing the immediate crisis and may distract from more urgent responses needed.
Using the Gordian Knot Approach: Trying to solve planetary overheating by reducing GHGs is like attempting to untangle the Gordian Knot by conventional means. Alexander the Great famously cut through the knot, suggesting that unconventional approaches may be required.
King Canute Commanding the Tide: Relying solely on GHG reduction mirrors King Canute's demonstration that he couldn't command the sea. It illustrates the futility of certain actions against the natural and complex forces at play.
The Emperor's New Clothes: Addressing only GHG emissions is reminiscent of the Emperor parading in invisible clothing. The focus on appearances rather than genuine solutions fails to address the real, underlying issues.
These analogies, drawn from historical and literary contexts, underscore the importance of aligning the type of solution with the nature of the problem, rather than just its scale.
John Nissen 21:49
@Jonathan, these analogies are rather insulting to the advocates of emissions reduction. I suggest that we point out that there are two main sources of heating: (I) greenhouse gas and reduced thermal energy going into space; and (ii) retreat of snow and sea ice, reducing the albedo of the planet. The green movement has only addressed the former; the IPCC and climate community are focussed on the GHG side and ignored the albedo side. Our groups (NOAC, HPAC and PRAG) can point out that the albedo side needs to be addressed urgently, especially in the Arctic where tipping elements have already been activated.
Jonathan Cole 21:49
"Ease Off the Gas: Cool the Planet with Clouds and Ice."
"Brake for the Future: Boost Clouds and Ice to Halt Climate Chaos."
"Slow Down and Cool Off: Press the Brake with Increased Cloud and Ice Cover."
"Shift Gears to Safety: Balance Emissions Reduction with Planetary Cooling."
John Nissen 21:56
@Jonathan Cole, the Earth's energy imbalance has been investigated by the CERES satellite, with data on each side over the past 20 years. The thermal energy outgoing hasn't changed very much; but the outgoing shortwave radiation has reduced significantly, with a marked downturn in 2023.
Rebecca Bishop - Gadigal lands 22:03
I’m happy to give an update on Rebrighten.org if there is time. ??
Dr Brian von Herzen 22:03
https://www.climatefoundation.org/kelp-coin.html
Ronal Larson joined as a guest
Jonathan Cole 22:12
Restoring the ocean to health.. BUOYANT FLAKES | by Sevclarke | Aug, 2024 | Medium
5535Buoyant_flake_fertilization_rev.pdf (un.org)
Sev Clarke 22:14
https://www.noac.info/ReferencesDetail.aspx
Bru Pearce 22:19
Sorry I have to go and collect my wife - see you all next time.
Bru Pearce left
Jonathan Cole 22:26
Engaging the Audience's Imagination
Effective analogies often create vivid imagery that engages the audience's imagination. By painting a clear mental picture, analogies can make abstract ideas more tangible and compelling, which can be particularly persuasive in change communication.
Robert Chris left
Jonathan Cole 22:29 (Edited)
disincentivize advise from doctor at hospital rather than rapid needed treatment.
Jonathan Cole 22:30
sinking ship water into bottom, captain says can you help bail? no search for hole or action to mend hole.
tipping ship sinking point sign of a serious leak and little time
ghg reduction fine for thermal energy trying to leave but does nothing for helping short wave to exit via reflection, as it was before.
ir changes are measured as small, albedo changes measured as large and more significant
Jonathan Cole 22:34 (Edited)
titanic, water from one area IR, vs water from another leak (short wave)
John Macdonald 22:35
Actions speak louder than words
Jonathan Cole 22:37
Analogies can help overcome resistance to new ideas by framing them in a context that is less threatening or more familiar. This can make the audience more open to considering the change, as the analogy provides a safe and relatable entry point into the discussion 3
Firefighting with Water, Not Just Prevention: Addressing climate change by only reducing emissions is like trying to prevent a forest fire by banning campfires while ignoring the blaze already raging. Direct cooling is akin to using water to douse the flames, providing immediate relief and preventing further destruction.
Cooling a Fever Before Treating the Cause: When a patient has a dangerously high fever, doctors first focus on bringing the temperature down before diagnosing the underlying illness. Similarly, direct cooling strategies, like increasing cloud cover and polar ice, are essential to stabilize the planet's climate before long-term solutions can take effect.
Stopping a Runaway Train: Imagine a train speeding towards a broken bridge. Reducing emissions is like slowing the train slightly, but direct cooling is the emergency brake that stops it in its tracks, preventing disaster. Immediate cooling measures are crucial to halt the momentum of climate change
Cheers, John
|
|
|
|
|
| Towards an ecosystem capacity to stabilise organic carbon in soilsSep 2 2024 2:35PM - Geoengineering News
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.17453
Authors
Christopher Poeplau, Rene Dechow, Neha Begill, Axel Don
First published: 05 August 2024
https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17453
Abstract
Soil organic carbon (SOC) accrual, and particularly the formation of fine fraction carbon (OCfine), has a large potential to act as sink for atmospheric CO2. For reliable estimates of this potential and efficient policy advice, the major limiting factors for OCfine accrual need to be understood. The upper boundary of the correlation between fine mineral particles (silt?+?clay) and OCfine is widely used to estimate the maximum mineralogical capacity of soils to store OCfine, suggesting that mineral surfaces get C saturated. Using a dataset covering the temperate zone and partly other climates on OCfine contents and a SOC turnover model, we provide two independent lines of evidence, that this empirical upper boundary does not indicate C saturation. Firstly, the C loading of the silt?+?clay fraction was found to strongly exceed previous saturation estimates in coarse-textured soils, which raises the question of why this is not observed in fine-textured soils. Secondly, a subsequent modelling exercise revealed, that for 74% of all investigated soils, local net primary production (NPP) would not be sufficient to reach a C loading of 80?g C kg-1 silt?+?clay, which was previously assumed to be a general C saturation point. The proportion of soils with potentially enough NPP to reach that point decreased strongly with increasing silt?+?clay content. High C loadings can thus hardly be reached in more fine-textured soils, even if all NPP would be available as C input. As a pragmatic approach, we introduced texture-dependent, empirical maximum C loadings of the fine fraction, that decreased from 160?g?kg-1 in coarse to 75?g?kg-1 in most fine-textured soils. We conclude that OCfine accrual in soils is mainly limited by C inputs and is strongly modulated by texture, mineralogy, climate and other site properties, which could be formulated as an ecosystem capacity to stabilise SOC.
Source: Wiley Online Library
--
|
|
|
|
|
| | Biochar ranking in another (still unpublished) comparison of CDR approachesSep 1 2024 12:10AM - Ronal Larson
List:
As just explained in a note on another new (still unfinished) paper today recommended by Michael Hayes, this paper popped up. Covers more types of CDR, data out to 2022, and many more technical papers summarized.
I believe this list will be hearing more about this paper. Again, apologies for my emphasis on biochar.
Ron
Begin forwarded message:
Sep 1 2024 2:52AM - Michael Hayes
Ron, et al.,
I only have consumer level AI products, and thus I may be way off about what AI can or can't do for CDR research at this time.
With that said, I think getting a large number of technical couplings, or synergies, between a number of CDR techs recognized by an AI woukd be helpful l as AI does not seem to 'think' laterally with ease, nor does it seek technical synergies, yet it will recognize a synergy if promted to. It likely needs to be 'trained' to accept various plausable synergistic combinations of CDR methods.
The below paper indicates that AI still can not 'create' new technical insights, it is still limited to improving what exists through training. AI is still subject to GIGO:
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/2/402#:~:text=For%20instance%2C%20AI%20algorithms%20can,environmental%20impact%20of%20carbon%20removal.
|
|
|
|
|
| Genome-edited trees for high-performance engineered woodSep 1 2024 2:34PM - Geoengineering News
https://www.cell.com/matter/fulltext/S2590-2385(24)00396-5?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS2590238524003965%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
Authors
Yu Liu, Gen Li, Yimin Mao, Yue Gao, Minhua Zhao, Alexandra Brozena, Derrick Wang, Samuel von Keitz, Taotao Meng, Hoon Kim, Xuejun Pan, Yiping Qi
12 August 2024
DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2024.07.003
Abstract
We demonstrated a waste-free process for processing engineered wood by reducing the lignin content of poplar wood through 4CL1 knockout technology. The 4CL1 knockout wood shows a 12.8% reduction in lignin content without significant growth changes. By soaking this wood in water and hot pressing, we achieved a tensile strength of 313.6 ± 6.4 MPa, 5.6 times higher than that of natural 4CL1 knockout wood and 1.6 times higher than that of densified wild-type wood. This strength is comparable to chemically treated densified wood (320.2 ± 3.5 MPa). Our method eliminates chemical delignification, offering a cost-effective, eco-friendly alternative for producing densified wood. This success highlights genome editing’s potential to create other engineered wood materials with enhanced properties, contributing to a CO2-negative bioeconomy by providing renewable alternatives to traditional materials.
Highlights
• Reducing the lignin in polar wood by knocking out the 4CL1 gene
• Demonstrating a chemical-free method for processing advanced engineered wood
• Densified 4CL1 knockout wood is as strong as densified wood from chemical treatment
Summary
Replacing conventional structural materials with high-performance engineered wood can reduce CO2 emissions and enhance carbon sequestration. Traditional methods involve energy-intensive chemical treatments to reduce lignin content, resulting in denser, mechanically superior wood but raising sustainability concerns. This work introduces a genome-editing approach to reduce lignin in trees, enabling chemical-free processing of advanced engineered wood. Using the cytosine base editor nCas9-A3A/Y130F, the 4CL1 gene in poplar wood was targeted, achieving a 12.8% lignin reduction. This facilitated waste-free densified wood production through water immersion and hot pressing, yielding a tensile strength of 313.6 ± 6.4 MPa, comparable to aluminum alloy 6061. The strength of densified 4CL1 knockout wood closely matched that of traditionally treated wood (320.2 ± 3.5 MPa), demonstrating the effectiveness of genetic modification in creating sustainable, high-performance engineered wood and contributing to reduced CO2 emissions and environmental conservation
Source: Matter
--
Sep 1 2024 9:53PM - Robert H. Socolow
The gifted tree would be irresistible too. Here bioEngineering and Geoengineering would both be applied, it seems. Love, dad.
Sent from my iPhone
|
|
|
|
|
| Healthy Planet Action Coalition meeting Thursday, Sept 5th 5:30 PM EDT- 2024 Work Plan and Strategic Planning kick offSep 1 2024 11:56AM - H simmens
Dennis Garrity and I are pleased to announce that this Thursday’s regular 5:30 PM EDT, 11:30 PM CET meeting will focus on a discussion of the Healthy Planet Action Coalition work plan for the rest of the year and the kickoff of HP’s first strategic planning process.
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88954851189?pwd=WVZoeTBnN3kyZFoyLzYxZ1JNbDFPUT09
The Steering Circle recognizes that the ability of HP to help achieve its extraordinarily important and ambitious goal of restoring a safe and healthy climate by bringing temperature increases back down to well below 1° requires that we develop a carefully thought out plan of action.
This meeting will provide an opportunity for all of us to learn what we’re thinking about and to provide your ideas on what HP needs to do and how to do it so we can best achieve our goal.
We hope that many of you will participate on Thursday and continue your participation in the weeks to come as we implement our work plan for the rest of this year and develop our strategic plan for the next several years.
Please share this meeting notice with friends, colleagues and groups you think might be interested in participating in this extremely important meeting.
Herb
Herb Simmens
Author of A Climate Vocabulary of the Future
“A SciencePoem and an Inspiration.” Kim Stanley Robinson
@herbsimmens
HerbSimmens.com
--
|
|
|
|
|
| | Mixing and dilution controls on marine CO2 removal using alkalinity enhancementSep 1 2024 11:06AM - Michael Hayes
"Marine CO2 removal using enhanced-alkalinity seawater discharge was simulated in the estuarine waters of the Salish Sea, Washington, US. The high-alkalinity seawater would be generated using bipolar membrane electrodialysis technology to remove acid and the alkaline stream returned to the sea. Response of the receiving waters was evaluated using a shoreline resolving hydrodynamic model with biogeochemistry, and carbonate chemistry. Two sites, and two deployment scales, each with enhanced TA of 2,997 mmol/m3 and a pH of 9 were simulated. The effects on air-sea CO2 flux and pH in the near-field as well as over the larger estuary wide domain were assessed. The large-scale deployment (addition of 164 Mmoles
TA/yr) in a small embayment (Sequim Bay, 12.5 km2) resulted in removal of 2,066 T of CO2 (45% of total simulated) at rate of 3,756 mmol/m2/yr, higher than the 63 mmol/m2/yr required
globally to remove 1.0 GT CO2/yr. It also reduced acidity in the bay, ?pH ˜ +0.1 pH units, an amount comparable to the historic impacts of anthropogenic acidification in the Salish Sea. The mixing and dilution of added TA with distance from the source results in reduced CO2 removal rates such that comparable amount 2,176 T CO2/yr was removed over > 1000-fold
larger area of the rest of the model domain. There is the potential for more removal occurring beyond the region modeled. The CO2 removal from reduction of outgassing between October and May accounts for as much as 90% of total CO2 removal simulated. Of the total, only 375 T CO2 /yr (8%) was from the open shelf portion of the model domain. With shallow depths
limiting vertical mixing, nearshore estuarine waters may provide a more rapid removal of CO2 using alkalinity enhancement relative to deeper oceanic sites."
--
Sep 1 2024 2:12PM - Michael Hayes
The dead calm waters of the marine deserts have little vertical mixing. As such, the findings of this team might be extrapolated to include such desert conditions.
|
|
|
|
|
| Processes | Free Full-Text | Integration of Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) Technology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Energy System OptimizationSep 1 2024 5:37AM - Michael Hayes
https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9717/12/2/402#:~:text=For%20instance%2C%20AI%20algorithms%20can,environmental%20impact%20of%20carbon%20removal
"By addressing challenges related to data quality, model uncertainty, technological feasibility, policy and regulatory environments, and public acceptance and focusing on key research areas, the integration of CDR technology and AI can advance energy system optimization for carbon removal, contributing to the practical implementation and widespread adoption of CDR technology to mitigate climate change and achieve sustainable carbon mitigation goals."
MH] Now is likely a good time to attract a US based AI expert group to take part in CDR STEM, policy, and socioeconomic crafting. If anything, similar yet different combined groups will provide confirmation of other similar works.
--
|
|
|
|
|
| Sapling recruitment as an indicator of carbon resiliency in forests of the northern USASep 1 2024 7:18PM - Geoengineering News
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ece3.70077
Authors
Lucas B. Harris, Christopher W. Woodall, Anthony W. D'Amato
First published: 07 August 2024
https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70077
Abstract
Tree regeneration shapes forest carbon dynamics by determining long-term forest composition and structure, which suggests that threats to natural regeneration may diminish the capacity of forests to replace live tree carbon transferred to the atmosphere or other pools through tree mortality. Yet, the potential implications of tree regeneration patterns for future carbon dynamics have been sparsely studied. We used forest inventory plots to investigate whether the composition of existing tree regeneration is consistent with aboveground carbon stock loss, replacement, or gain for forests across the northeastern and midwestern USA, leveraging a recently developed method to predict the likelihood of sapling recruitment from seedling abundance tallied within six seedling height classes. A comparison of carbon stock predictions from tree and seedling composition suggested that 29% of plots were poised to lose carbon based on seedling composition, 55% were poised for replacement of carbon stocks (<5?Mg?ha-1 difference) and 16% were poised to gain carbon. Forests predicted to lose carbon tended to be on steeper slopes, at lower latitudes, and in rolling upland environments. Although plots predicted to gain and lose carbon had similar stand ages, carbon loss plots had greater current carbon stocks. Synthesis and applications. Our results demonstrate the utility of considering tree regeneration through the lens of carbon replacement to develop effective management strategies to secure long-term carbon storage and resilience in the context of global change. Forests poised to lose C due to climate change and other stressors could be prioritized for regeneration strategies that enhance long-term carbon resilience and stewardship.
Source: Wiley Online Library
--
|
|
|
|
|
| The role of framing in public support for direct air captuA moral hazard survey experiment in the United StatesSep 1 2024 6:24AM - Geoengineering News
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629624002858
Authors
Daniel Sloot, Ann Bostrom
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103694
29 July 2024
Highlights
•We examine two novel facets of moral hazard for the support of direct air capture.
•Limited evidence that necessity or temporality of DAC affects support.
•Climate change worry moderates the effects of necessity framing on DAC support.
•Climate change worry is associated with greater DAC support.
•Overall, moral hazard does not pose a grave risk to direct air capture upscaling.
Abstract
Limiting global warming will likely require removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and keeping it out of the atmosphere by sequestering it. Public support is crucial for a rapid upscaling of carbon removal and sequestration. One central concern is that public support for these negative emissions technologies (NETs) could be hampered by a moral hazard: that NETs could undermine mitigation efforts and should thus be avoided. Building on previous research, we investigate four novel ways of framing the use of a form of carbon removal from the atmosphere that is currently of broad interest, direct air capture (DAC). We frame DAC use in terms of either necessity (DAC for limiting climate change being either essential or dependent on future mitigation) or temporality (DAC of either past or future emissions from the atmosphere). In a survey experiment with a nationally representative U.S. sample (N = 2891) we examined how these frames affect public support and risk perceptions in the U.S. for DAC, and the roles of prior awareness of DAC, climate change worry, and their interactions with the different frames. Frames differentially influenced support depending on prior awareness and climate change worry, higher levels of which were associated with more support for DAC (but also greater anticipated moral hazard) independent of the frames. Overall, framing only weakly affected public support, which was on average modest. These insights extend previous findings regarding the limited usefulness of moral hazard frames, but highlight the potential value of tailoring DAC messaging to different target audiences.
Source: ScienceDirect
--
|
|
|
|
|
| Assessment of Calcimetry as a Reliable Method for Monitoring Soil Inorganic Carbon StocksAug 31 2024 6:30AM - Geoengineering News
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsagscitech.4c00088
Authors
Joyce M. P. SilvaMauricio R. D. BomioFabiana V. MottaRafael M. Santos
30 July 2024
Abstract
The reliable measurement of the inorganic carbon content of soils and its changes resulting from land management practices and amendments is crucial for precisely quantifying carbon stocks as part of monitoring, reporting, and verification schemes. While various methods are available for evaluating the carbonate content in soils, the most direct approach is calcimetry, which involves the dissolution of solid-phase carbonates and the evolution of gas-phase CO2 through acid-initiated reactions. Despite being a well-established method, uncertainties about how reliable calcimetry is to measure small changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) or how its measurement may be affected by potentially interfering reactions, sample size, and solid–liquid contact call for a dedicated investigation of these effects. The present study demonstrates the reliability of the calcimetry method and its limits through a parametric analysis that investigated the effect of the solid-to-liquid ratio, the presence of unweathered silicate phases, and the presence of copious amounts of organic matter. The results point to the reliable performance of calcimetry within the range of soil conditions that can be expected to be encountered during activities involving enhanced rock weathering and other best management practices that aim to boost the global soil carbon stocks as a climate change mitigation strategy.
Source: ACS PUBLICATIONS
--
|
|
|